Chart of U.S. inflation from 2021 to March 2025, showing all-items CPI bars and a core CPI line.

Inflation, Interest Rates, Stock Markets, Volatility, Jobs, Market Cycles since 1990, The Price of Oil

  • Ben Faber
  • April 13, 2025

The inflation rate ticked down in March to its lowest reading since September: While drops in inflation triggered big reactions in financial markets in the past, investors and analysts have other things on their mind, and many, if not most, expect inflation to increase with tariffs, depending how those play out - which is anyone's guess right now. 

Chart of U.S. CPI inflation from 2021 to March 2025, with all-items inflation at 2.4% and core inflation at 2.8%.

Stock market indices have been moving frantically up and down, with dramatic changes occurring very quickly: Investors feel they're standing on quicksand.

Line chart of 2025 Nasdaq and S&P 500 performance, showing sharp declines through April 10.

The latest VIX volatility index reading, also changing almost by the minute: Highest volatility readings since the pandemic hit.

2025 VIX volatility chart, with a sharp spike above 50 in April.

Interest rates:  The new weekly average published today by Freddie Mac saw a small decline, and, ignoring the stupendous volatility in financial markets, Freddie Mac posted this statement: "The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage continues to trend down, remaining under 7% for the twelfth consecutive week. As purchase applications continue to climb, the spring homebuying season is shaping up to look more favorable than last year." May their optimism prove warranted.

Chart of weekly 30-year mortgage rates, January 2023–April 2025, with a late-2023 peak near 7.8%.

Mortgage News Daily, which tracks daily rates - which have spiked upward in recent days to just under 7% - was not quite so cheerful:  From yesterday, "This was one of the most jarring trading days for mortgage specific bonds (in terms of the juxtaposition of big losses and big gains) in decades.  Only a small handful of similar examples exist going back to the [2008} financial crisis." 
 
Chart of daily 30-year fixed mortgage rates from February 2023 to April 2025, peaking above 8% in October 2023.
Latest jobs report saw a larger increase than expected, however recent months' numbers have often ended up being substantially revised in future releases. Again, investors are focused on other economic factors right now.
 
Bar chart of monthly U.S. non-farm job changes from January 2023 to March 2025, with teal bars and labeled figures.
The new Consumer Sentiment report will be published tomorrow - I don't expect positive news on that front - and will be available online here. 
 
Long-term price and appreciation rates: Two overview charts comparing 1) median house sales prices , and 2) median house sales price appreciation rates between the greater Bay Area and the U.S. since 1990. 
 
Chart compares Bay Area and U.S. median home prices since 1990, highlighting market cycles and greater Bay Area appreciation.
 
Line chart comparing San Francisco Bay Area and U.S. home price appreciation from 1990 to January 2025.
 
For someone who wants to dig in deep on Bay Area Market Cycles, the full flipbook report is here. This report in its various revisions over the last 15 years has received hundreds of thousands of viewings.
 
The price of oil has been plunging over concerns regarding the future of worldwide economic conditions in light of the unsettling tariff policy changes emanating daily from Washington. The drop in oil prices was a factor in the drop in the inflation rate.
 
Chart of Brent crude oil prices from 2000 to 2025, highlighting the 2008 crash, pandemic shock and 2022 peak.
 

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